همکاری شرکت‌های آمریکایی با هواوی بر روی 5G
همکاری شرکت‌های آمریکایی با هواوی بر روی 5G
اطلاعیه‌ی جدید وزارت بازرگانی ایالات متحده اعلام می‌کند که شرکت‌های آمریکایی بدون دریافت مجوز می‌توانند با هواوی روی توسعه‌ی شبکه‌ی 5G کار کنند.
در اتفاقی غیرمنتظره وزارت بازرگانی ایالات متحده به‌تازگی اعلام کرده است که به شرکت‌های آمریکایی اجازه می‌دهد به‌منظور تنظیم استانداردهای لازم برای شبکه‌ی 5G با هواوی به همکاری تجاری بپردازند. اطلاعیه‌ی وزارت بازرگانی درحالی منتشر می‌شود که دولت واشینگتن با تمام توان خود در حال مقابله با هواوی است تا این شرکت را از انواع فعالیت‌های تجاری محروم کند.
از آن‌جایی که هواوی سال گذشته در فهرست شرکت‌های تحریم‌شده توسط دولت ایالات متحده (موسوم‌به Entity List) قرار گرفت، شرکت‌های فعال در آمریکا از هرگونه همکاری با هواوی منع شده‌اند. به‌طور دقیق‌تر، شرکت‌هایی که در پی همکاری با هواوی یا شرکت‌های وابسته به آن باشند باید مجوزی خاص از وزارت بازرگانی دریافت کنند.
با این‌حال وضع قوانین جدید به شرکت‌های آمریکایی اجازه می‌دهد بدون نیاز به دریافت مجوز از وزارت بازرگانی، به همکاری با هواوی و به‌اشتراک‌گذاری دستاوردهایشان در حوزه‌ی فناوری با این شرکت بپردازند. البته اجازه‌ی این کار تنها به‌شرطی داده می‌شود که شرکت‌های آمریکایی بخواهند با هواوی روی توسعه‌ی استانداردهای شبکه‌ی 5G کار کنند.
وزارت دادگستری ایالات متحده در اطلاعیه‌ی جدید خود می‌گوید قصد دارد مطمئن شود که قرارگیری هواوی در Entity List از مشارکت شرکت‌های آمریکایی در توسعه‌ی استانداردهای مهم جلوگیری نکند. اصلاحیه‌ی جدید اهمیت زیادی دارد؛ زیرا امروزه هواوی به‌شکلی گسترده در نهادهای مربوط‌به توسعه‌ی استانداردهایی نظیر 5G به‌شکل مستقیم و غیرمستقیم حضور دارد. طی سال‌های اخیر هواوی با اتکا بر دانش متخصصان خود توانسته است به رهبری جهانی در حوزه‌ی تنظیم استانداردهای شبکه‌ی 5G تبدیل شود.
هواوی در بیانیه‌ای به‌نقل از ویلبر راس می‌گوید: «ایالات متحده‌ی آمریکا نیازمند دسترسی و استفاده از مدرن‌ترین فناوری‌های روز دنیا است و در راه رسیدن به این مهم، آمادگی همکاری با شرکت‌های بین‌المللی را دارد. البته ما همچنان نگرانی‌های امنیتی خود را نیز در نظر گرفته و در صورت نیاز اقدام مقتضی را انجام خواهیم داد».
شرکت آلمانی IPlytics که روی آمار مربوط‌به پتنت‌ها نظارت می‌کند، می‌گوید هواوی توانسته است در زمینه‌ی مشارکت در توسعه‌ی شبکه‌ی 5G رتبه‌ی نخست را در تمام دنیا از آن خود کند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند که تا ماه ژانویه‌ی ۲۰۲۰ (دی و بهمن ۱۳۹۸) بالغ‌بر ۳٬۱۴۷ پتنت مربوط‌به هواوی ثبت شده‌اند که عددی درخورتوجه است. پس از هواوی، شرکت‌های سامسونگ و ZTE و ال‌جی الکترونیکس در رتبه‌های بعدی جای دارند.
گزارشی مشابه که توسط شرکتی آمریکایی با نام Strategy Analytics منتشر شده نشان می‌دهد هواوی امروزه بیشتر از هر شرکت دیگری در دنیا به توسعه‌ی شبکه‌ی 5G کمک کرده است. فردی به نمایندگی از Strategy Analytics می‌گوید: «بر اساس ارزیابی‌های ما، شرکت‌های پیشرو در فروش زیرساخت‌های شبکه شامل هواوی، اریکسون و نوکیا، نسبت‌به دیگر شرکت‌های موردمطالعه مشارکت بسیار بیشتری در زمینه‌ی توسعه‌ی استاندارد 5G داشته‌اند. به‌طور کلی، هواوی در رتبه‌ی نخست جای دارد».
تحریم‌های هواوی که تاریخ اعمال آن‌‌ها به ماه مه برمی‌گردد باعث شده‌اند هرگونه ارتباط فناوری‌محور در بین هواوی و شرکت‌های آمریکایی به‌حالت تعلیق دربیاید. از زمان اعمال تحریم‌ها، بسیاری از مقامات دولتی و البته متخصصان حوزه‌ی فناوری به دولت آمریکا هشدار داده بودند که این تصمیم باعث بروز آثاری منفی روی روند مشارکت این کشور در توسعه‌ی جهانی استاندارد 5G خواهد شد. اصلاحیه‌ی منتشرشده توسط وزارت بازرگانی با هدف برطرف‌ساختن این نگرانی‌ها در دسترس قرار گرفته است.
فردی به نمایندگی از هواوی در این زمینه می‌گوید: «هواوی تمایل دارد به مذاکرات صمیمانه‌ی خود در زمینه‌ی توسعه‌ی استانداردهای مربوط‌به فناوری‌های جدید با همتایان خود که شامل شرکت‌های آمریکایی هم می‌شوند، ادامه دهد. هواوی قصد دارد همچنان به مشارکت خود در گسترش پیشرفت‌های فناوری‌محور جامعه در مقیاس بزرگ ادامه دهد».
اطلاعیه‌ی جدید وزارت بازرگانی درحالی منتشر می‌شود که در همان روز انتشار اطلاعیه، حواشی جدید مربوط‌به هواوی در شبکه‌های اجتماعی پخش شد. منگ وانژو، مدیر ارشد مالی هواوی که مدتی پیش به‌دلیل برخی اتهامات بانکی دستگیر شد، در دفاع از خودش برخی اسناد و ادعاهای جدید مطرح کرده است. منگ وانژو که دختر رن ژنگ‌فی، بنیان‌گذار هواوی، به‌حساب می‌آید همچنین گفته اسنادی که آمریکا در اختیار کانادا به‌منظور استرداد او قرار داده است، خطاهایی عمدی و آشکار دارد. تصمیم اخیر وزارت بازرگانی ایالات متحده، چالش‌های بین این کشور با شرکت هواوی را وارد مرحله‌ای جدید می‌کند. باید دید که مذاکرات آمریکا و هواوی در آینده به کجا می‌رسد.
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